Keeb Kwm Ntawm Stirrups

Raws li kev tshawb pom ntawm lub cev archaeological, stirrups tshwm nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj nyob rau hauv lub Western Han Dynasty ntawm qhov tseeb, uas tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv Western Han Dynasty murals.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 3 ua ntej muaj mature stirrups, vim lub invention thiab nce qib ntawm eeb, muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm knight tsov rog, xws li ntau txhiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nees tsov rog nyob rau hauv lub lig Western Zhou Dynasty. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 4th BC, Six Towers, ib phau ntawv tub rog ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv Warring States War, muaj ntau txoj kev cob qhia thiab kev xaiv rau cov tub rog, xws li yuav tsum tau knights kom "tsis txhob plua plav thiab hla gullies" thiab "sib ntaus tus yeeb ncuab. txaus ntshai". Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias kev xaiv thiab kev cob qhia ntawm Suav tub rog nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd nruj heev, thiab yuav luag tib lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv Middle East, nws kuj yog lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov tub rog hnyav, txhua tus yog cov tub rog caij tsheb tsis muaj kev sib tw. Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm tsis muaj kev sib tsoo, cov tub rog tsuas tuaj yeem ua ntau qhov kev cob qhia kom ua rau nws; Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li cov tub rog ntawm Alexander nyob rau yav qab teb Europe, tus nto moo tus khub cavalry yog kev quab yuam ntawm Alexander cov tub rog kom tawg cov yeeb ncuab; Cov tub rog ntawm North Asian nomads tau raug cob qhia los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, thiab nrog kev tsim lub siab choj eeb, lawv muaj zog zog thiab kev caij tsheb dua li cov neeg muaj kev vam meej.
Nyob rau hauv lub era uas tsis muaj invention ntawm stirrups, knights sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub eeb ntawm nees nrog hneev thiab xub, thiab annexed hmuv thiab ntaj thiab ntaub thaiv npog, thiab kev cob qhia ntawm knights nyob rau hauv lub era yog nruj dua li kev cob qhia ntawm cavalry nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog, yog li ntawd. kev xaiv xaiv tau zoo dua.
Northern Wei Pottery nees: Txawm hais tias nws tsis zoo nkauj heev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm invention thiab siv stirrups nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj. Lub terracotta nees ntawm Northern Wei Dynasty tau pom nyob rau hauv 1977 nyob rau hauv nruab nrab Northern Wei Dynasty lub ntxa nyob rau hauv University Road, Hohhot, txog thaum ntxov xyoo pua 5th AD, nrog ib tug khub ntawm stirrups pleev xim rau lub plab mog ntawm terracotta nees, uas yog lub cev tim khawv. ntawm cov stirrups siv nyob rau hauv Northern Wei Dynasty ua los ntawm Tuoba Xianbei cov neeg, qhia tias Tuam Tshoj muaj mature hlau stirrups nyob rau hauv AD 400.
Stirrups yog ib qho kev tsim tsim nyob rau hauv tib neeg keeb kwm. Raws li tus kws sau keeb kwm Askiv ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis White tau taw qhia tias: "Muaj qee qhov kev tsim kho tau yooj yim li qhov sib xyaw ua ke, thiab qee qhov kev tsim kho tshiab yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm." Cov stirrups siv lub zog ntawm tus tsiaj mus rau tes-rau-tes sib ntaus sib tua, thiab sib sau ua ke cov cavalry nrog tus nees."
Tseeb tiag, tom qab qhov kev tsim ntawm stirrups, nws ua rau tsov rog nees yooj yim rau tswj, txuas tus txiv neej thiab tus nees ua ib tug, tso tes ntawm tus txiv neej caij nees, thiab cov cavalry tuaj yeem caij thiab tua ntawm tus nees sib ntaus sib tua, thiab tseem tuaj yeem ua viav vias sab laug thiab sab xis ntawm tus nees kom ua tiav kev ua tub rog ntawm kev sib cais sab laug thiab sab xis.
Cov khoom qub
Stirrups tseem hu ua "Suav khau" los ntawm Western nees kab lis kev cai tshawb fawb zej zog, stirrups muaj ob yam tseem ceeb, ib qho yog ib feem ntawm tus neeg caij tsheb kauj vab, uas yog, lub nplhaib stirrup; Qhov thib ob yog lub stirrup shank los yog stirrup uas lub stirrup raug tshem tawm ntawm ob sab ntawm lub eeb. Kev tshawb pom Archaeological qhia tau hais tias thaj tsam steppe ntawm sab qaum teb Tuam Tshoj tuaj yeem pib tshwm sim hauv lub sijhawm kaum rau lub Nceeg Vaj los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm peb caug xyoo mus txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua plaub. Cov stirrups yog dai stirrups nrog ntev ncaj kov them nrog tooj liab tawv nrog ntoo core. Tom qab ntawd, qhov kev nplawm no kis mus rau sab hnub tuaj dhau los ntawm Goguryeo, kis mus rau Kaus Lim Qab Teb thiab Nyij Pooj, thiab tom qab ntawd muaj kev sib kis ntawm nqaim-pedal hlau stirrups ntawm Eurasian steppe. Stirrups kuj tshwm sim nyob rau yav qab teb Suav teb ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua 4th. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, ntoo core ntev ncaj tuav stirrups yog lub hauv paus ntawm txhua yam ntawm stirrups nyob rau hauv sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob. Cov khoom ua ntej tshaj plaws tau pom nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 3 mus txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 4th nyob rau hauv Xianbei neeg cov dej num nyob rau sab qaum teb Tuam Tshoj, unearthed nyob rau hauv sab hnub poob ntawm Liaoning Province thiab Inner Mongolia Chifeng Beipiao county. Nyob rau hauv 1965, archaeologists unearthed ib khub ntawm ntoo core ntev ncaj kov npog nrog tooj liab stirrups nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntxa ntawm Feng Sufu, ib tug nobleman nyob rau hauv Beipiao County. Ob khub ntawm stirrups no yog 24.5 cm ntev thiab 16.8 cm dav, uas yog thawj stirrups nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no era.